Lighting Terminology for Dummies

Accent Lighting:  Focusing light on a particular space or object.   Intended to create visual interest in an area or object.   

Alternating Current (AC):  Electric Current in which the flow of electric charge reverses direction at regular intervals.  

Amps (A): Standard Unit of  Measurement of electric current.

b



Ballast: device used to adjust the current and voltage to start and operate a light bulb. Ballasts are used with HID and fluorescent light sources.

Ballast factor: represents the percentage of rated light output and power that the bulb can achieve.



C



Candela (CD) : measures the luminous intensity of a light source in a given direction.



Central beam candle power (CBCP) : the intensity of light emitted by the center of the light source



Color rendering index (CRI) : measures the ability of a light source to display color accurately. The sun is thought to be 100.



Color temperature: related color temperature (CCT). Measure the hue of the light produced by the light source.



d



Diffuser: a device used to change light by scattering it so that it produces a softer light with minimal glare



Dimmer: device used to control the output of light source.



Direct current: current that flows only in one direction and does not circulate. Direct current is most commonly used in batteries and photovoltaic cells.



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Driver: electrical or electronic circuit that controls other components. In an LED lighting system, the driver adjusts the LED power supply.



E



Efficacy: light source of lumen per watt



Electromagnetic interference (emi) : damage to an electronic device by electromagnetic induction, electrostatic coupling, or conduction of an external power supply.



Electronic ballast: the ballast consists of an electronic component replacing the core and a coil transformer. Electronic ballasts do not experience as much power loss as magnetic ballasts.



F



Fluorescent lamp: low pressure mercury-vapor-gas discharge lamp, using fluorescence to produce visible light. Fluorescent lamps require ballasts for current and voltage regulation.



G



Glare: visual sensation caused by excessive brightness. It can be uncomfortable or disabled.



H.



Halogen lamp: a halogen lamp is a halogen containing incandescent lamp designed to increase the average life of the light source and the light output.



Radiator: device in an LED lighting system used to dissipate heat from an LED diode.



Hertz (Hz) : standard unit of measurement of frequency. One Hz is equal to one cycle per second.



Gaowan: luminaire types are typically used for commercial and industrial applications with high ceilings (> 20 ft).



High intensity discharge lamp: HID lamp. A series of electric discharge lamps that produce light by arcing.



High pressure sodium lamp (HPS) : type of high intensity discharge lamp. Often used in street and outdoor lighting applications.



I,



Illumination: measured with Lux or foot3). Illumination refers to the total luminous flux on the surface.



Initial lumen: the total luminous flux of a light source at the beginning of its life.



ķ



Kelvin temperature: a measure of the relative color temperature of a light source.



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Lamp socket: part of a lamp that connects a lamp socket to a power supply.



Light-emitting diode (LED) : semiconductor device that emits light when an electric current passes through it. Leds are more efficient and last longer than other light sources



Lumen: standard measure of luminous flux. Used to measure the amount of visible light emitted by the light source.



Luminaire: luminaire. A complete unit including lights, ballasts, reflectors, lenses and other components.



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Magnetic ballasts: usually referred to as "core-coil" ballasts. The inductive ballast contains a magnetic core with a copper winding. Electronic ballasts usually have greater power losses than electronic ballasts.



Average lumen: the average luminous flux of a light source over its rated life.



Metal halide lamp: high intensity discharge lamp that generates light through an arc through a mixture of mercury and metal halide gases.



n



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P



Photocell: Light Control can turn Light source on/off according to sunlight



Power factor: the ratio of the actual power supplied to the circuit to the apparent power. The power factor ranges from 0 to 1.



Q



[R



Reflection: light reflects back from the center.



Refraction: bending of light as it passes through a medium. Light bending is the result of a change in velocity as it passes from one medium to the next.



Restart time: the time it takes for the bulb to reach full brightness after it is turned off and turned back on.



Retrofit: the use of new equipment to upgrade old, inefficient technologies to improve the efficiency of lighting systems



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V



Voltage: charge difference between two points in an electric field. Measured in volts.



Voltage drop: voltage loss due to resistance. Voltage drops may be generated for too long or over thinking of the wire.



W ^



Wall wrapping: the most widely used commercial outdoor lighting installation today. The wall pack is a powerful light fixture installed in the outdoor location of the commercial building.



Watt: standard unit of power measurement. One watt is equal to one volt.

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